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⏎ java/lang/reflect/AccessibleObject.java
/*
* Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
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package java.lang.reflect;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
import java.security.AccessController;
import jdk.internal.misc.VM;
import jdk.internal.module.IllegalAccessLogger;
import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
/**
* The {@code AccessibleObject} class is the base class for {@code Field},
* {@code Method}, and {@code Constructor} objects (known as <em>reflected
* objects</em>). It provides the ability to flag a reflected object as
* suppressing checks for Java language access control when it is used. This
* permits sophisticated applications with sufficient privilege, such as Java
* Object Serialization or other persistence mechanisms, to manipulate objects
* in a manner that would normally be prohibited.
*
* <p> Java language access control prevents use of private members outside
* their top-level class; package access members outside their package; protected members
* outside their package or subclasses; and public members outside their
* module unless they are declared in an {@link Module#isExported(String,Module)
* exported} package and the user {@link Module#canRead reads} their module. By
* default, Java language access control is enforced (with one variation) when
* {@code Field}s, {@code Method}s, or {@code Constructor}s are used to get or
* set fields, to invoke methods, or to create and initialize new instances of
* classes, respectively. Every reflected object checks that the code using it
* is in an appropriate class, package, or module. </p>
*
* <p> The one variation from Java language access control is that the checks
* by reflected objects assume readability. That is, the module containing
* the use of a reflected object is assumed to read the module in which
* the underlying field, method, or constructor is declared. </p>
*
* <p> Whether the checks for Java language access control can be suppressed
* (and thus, whether access can be enabled) depends on whether the reflected
* object corresponds to a member in an exported or open package
* (see {@link #setAccessible(boolean)}). </p>
*
* @jls 6.6 Access Control
* @since 1.2
* @revised 9
* @spec JPMS
*/
public class AccessibleObject implements AnnotatedElement {
static void checkPermission() {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
// SecurityConstants.ACCESS_PERMISSION is used to check
// whether a client has sufficient privilege to defeat Java
// language access control checks.
sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.ACCESS_PERMISSION);
}
}
/**
* Convenience method to set the {@code accessible} flag for an
* array of reflected objects with a single security check (for efficiency).
*
* <p> This method may be used to enable access to all reflected objects in
* the array when access to each reflected object can be enabled as
* specified by {@link #setAccessible(boolean) setAccessible(boolean)}. </p>
*
* <p>If there is a security manager, its
* {@code checkPermission} method is first called with a
* {@code ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks")} permission.
*
* <p>A {@code SecurityException} is also thrown if any of the elements of
* the input {@code array} is a {@link java.lang.reflect.Constructor}
* object for the class {@code java.lang.Class} and {@code flag} is true.
*
* @param array the array of AccessibleObjects
* @param flag the new value for the {@code accessible} flag
* in each object
* @throws InaccessibleObjectException if access cannot be enabled for all
* objects in the array
* @throws SecurityException if the request is denied by the security manager
* or an element in the array is a constructor for {@code
* java.lang.Class}
* @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
* @see ReflectPermission
* @revised 9
* @spec JPMS
*/
@CallerSensitive
public static void setAccessible(AccessibleObject[] array, boolean flag) {
checkPermission();
if (flag) {
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
array = array.clone();
for (AccessibleObject ao : array) {
ao.checkCanSetAccessible(caller);
}
}
for (AccessibleObject ao : array) {
ao.setAccessible0(flag);
}
}
/**
* Set the {@code accessible} flag for this reflected object to
* the indicated boolean value. A value of {@code true} indicates that
* the reflected object should suppress checks for Java language access
* control when it is used. A value of {@code false} indicates that
* the reflected object should enforce checks for Java language access
* control when it is used, with the variation noted in the class description.
*
* <p> This method may be used by a caller in class {@code C} to enable
* access to a {@link Member member} of {@link Member#getDeclaringClass()
* declaring class} {@code D} if any of the following hold: </p>
*
* <ul>
* <li> {@code C} and {@code D} are in the same module. </li>
*
* <li> The member is {@code public} and {@code D} is {@code public} in
* a package that the module containing {@code D} {@link
* Module#isExported(String,Module) exports} to at least the module
* containing {@code C}. </li>
*
* <li> The member is {@code protected} {@code static}, {@code D} is
* {@code public} in a package that the module containing {@code D}
* exports to at least the module containing {@code C}, and {@code C}
* is a subclass of {@code D}. </li>
*
* <li> {@code D} is in a package that the module containing {@code D}
* {@link Module#isOpen(String,Module) opens} to at least the module
* containing {@code C}.
* All packages in unnamed and open modules are open to all modules and
* so this method always succeeds when {@code D} is in an unnamed or
* open module. </li>
* </ul>
*
* <p> This method cannot be used to enable access to private members,
* members with default (package) access, protected instance members, or
* protected constructors when the declaring class is in a different module
* to the caller and the package containing the declaring class is not open
* to the caller's module. </p>
*
* <p> If there is a security manager, its
* {@code checkPermission} method is first called with a
* {@code ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks")} permission.
*
* @param flag the new value for the {@code accessible} flag
* @throws InaccessibleObjectException if access cannot be enabled
* @throws SecurityException if the request is denied by the security manager
* @see #trySetAccessible
* @see java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#privateLookupIn
* @revised 9
* @spec JPMS
*/
@CallerSensitive // overrides in Method/Field/Constructor are @CS
public void setAccessible(boolean flag) {
AccessibleObject.checkPermission();
setAccessible0(flag);
}
/**
* Sets the accessible flag and returns the new value
*/
boolean setAccessible0(boolean flag) {
this.override = flag;
return flag;
}
/**
* Set the {@code accessible} flag for this reflected object to {@code true}
* if possible. This method sets the {@code accessible} flag, as if by
* invoking {@link #setAccessible(boolean) setAccessible(true)}, and returns
* the possibly-updated value for the {@code accessible} flag. If access
* cannot be enabled, i.e. the checks or Java language access control cannot
* be suppressed, this method returns {@code false} (as opposed to {@code
* setAccessible(true)} throwing {@code InaccessibleObjectException} when
* it fails).
*
* <p> This method is a no-op if the {@code accessible} flag for
* this reflected object is {@code true}.
*
* <p> For example, a caller can invoke {@code trySetAccessible}
* on a {@code Method} object for a private instance method
* {@code p.T::privateMethod} to suppress the checks for Java language access
* control when the {@code Method} is invoked.
* If {@code p.T} class is in a different module to the caller and
* package {@code p} is open to at least the caller's module,
* the code below successfully sets the {@code accessible} flag
* to {@code true}.
*
* <pre>
* {@code
* p.T obj = ....; // instance of p.T
* :
* Method m = p.T.class.getDeclaredMethod("privateMethod");
* if (m.trySetAccessible()) {
* m.invoke(obj);
* } else {
* // package p is not opened to the caller to access private member of T
* ...
* }
* }</pre>
*
* <p> If there is a security manager, its {@code checkPermission} method
* is first called with a {@code ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks")}
* permission. </p>
*
* @return {@code true} if the {@code accessible} flag is set to {@code true};
* {@code false} if access cannot be enabled.
* @throws SecurityException if the request is denied by the security manager
*
* @since 9
* @spec JPMS
* @see java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles#privateLookupIn
*/
@CallerSensitive
public final boolean trySetAccessible() {
AccessibleObject.checkPermission();
if (override == true) return true;
// if it's not a Constructor, Method, Field then no access check
if (!Member.class.isInstance(this)) {
return setAccessible0(true);
}
// does not allow to suppress access check for Class's constructor
Class<?> declaringClass = ((Member) this).getDeclaringClass();
if (declaringClass == Class.class && this instanceof Constructor) {
return false;
}
if (checkCanSetAccessible(Reflection.getCallerClass(),
declaringClass,
false)) {
return setAccessible0(true);
} else {
return false;
}
}
/**
* If the given AccessibleObject is a {@code Constructor}, {@code Method}
* or {@code Field} then checks that its declaring class is in a package
* that can be accessed by the given caller of setAccessible.
*/
void checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller) {
// do nothing, needs to be overridden by Constructor, Method, Field
}
final void checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller, Class<?> declaringClass) {
checkCanSetAccessible(caller, declaringClass, true);
}
private boolean checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller,
Class<?> declaringClass,
boolean throwExceptionIfDenied) {
if (caller == MethodHandle.class) {
throw new IllegalCallerException(); // should not happen
}
Module callerModule = caller.getModule();
Module declaringModule = declaringClass.getModule();
if (callerModule == declaringModule) return true;
if (callerModule == Object.class.getModule()) return true;
if (!declaringModule.isNamed()) return true;
String pn = declaringClass.getPackageName();
int modifiers;
if (this instanceof Executable) {
modifiers = ((Executable) this).getModifiers();
} else {
modifiers = ((Field) this).getModifiers();
}
// class is public and package is exported to caller
boolean isClassPublic = Modifier.isPublic(declaringClass.getModifiers());
if (isClassPublic && declaringModule.isExported(pn, callerModule)) {
// member is public
if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers)) {
logIfExportedForIllegalAccess(caller, declaringClass);
return true;
}
// member is protected-static
if (Modifier.isProtected(modifiers)
&& Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)
&& isSubclassOf(caller, declaringClass)) {
logIfExportedForIllegalAccess(caller, declaringClass);
return true;
}
}
// package is open to caller
if (declaringModule.isOpen(pn, callerModule)) {
logIfOpenedForIllegalAccess(caller, declaringClass);
return true;
}
if (throwExceptionIfDenied) {
// not accessible
String msg = "Unable to make ";
if (this instanceof Field)
msg += "field ";
msg += this + " accessible: " + declaringModule + " does not \"";
if (isClassPublic && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))
msg += "exports";
else
msg += "opens";
msg += " " + pn + "\" to " + callerModule;
InaccessibleObjectException e = new InaccessibleObjectException(msg);
if (printStackTraceWhenAccessFails()) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
throw e;
}
return false;
}
private boolean isSubclassOf(Class<?> queryClass, Class<?> ofClass) {
while (queryClass != null) {
if (queryClass == ofClass) {
return true;
}
queryClass = queryClass.getSuperclass();
}
return false;
}
private void logIfOpenedForIllegalAccess(Class<?> caller, Class<?> declaringClass) {
Module callerModule = caller.getModule();
Module targetModule = declaringClass.getModule();
// callerModule is null during early startup
if (callerModule != null && !callerModule.isNamed() && targetModule.isNamed()) {
IllegalAccessLogger logger = IllegalAccessLogger.illegalAccessLogger();
if (logger != null) {
logger.logIfOpenedForIllegalAccess(caller, declaringClass, this::toShortString);
}
}
}
private void logIfExportedForIllegalAccess(Class<?> caller, Class<?> declaringClass) {
Module callerModule = caller.getModule();
Module targetModule = declaringClass.getModule();
// callerModule is null during early startup
if (callerModule != null && !callerModule.isNamed() && targetModule.isNamed()) {
IllegalAccessLogger logger = IllegalAccessLogger.illegalAccessLogger();
if (logger != null) {
logger.logIfExportedForIllegalAccess(caller, declaringClass, this::toShortString);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a short descriptive string to describe this object in log messages.
*/
String toShortString() {
return toString();
}
/**
* Get the value of the {@code accessible} flag for this reflected object.
*
* @return the value of the object's {@code accessible} flag
*
* @deprecated
* This method is deprecated because its name hints that it checks
* if the reflected object is accessible when it actually indicates
* if the checks for Java language access control are suppressed.
* This method may return {@code false} on a reflected object that is
* accessible to the caller. To test if this reflected object is accessible,
* it should use {@link #canAccess(Object)}.
*
* @revised 9
* @spec JPMS
*/
@Deprecated(since="9")
public boolean isAccessible() {
return override;
}
/**
* Test if the caller can access this reflected object. If this reflected
* object corresponds to an instance method or field then this method tests
* if the caller can access the given {@code obj} with the reflected object.
* For instance methods or fields then the {@code obj} argument must be an
* instance of the {@link Member#getDeclaringClass() declaring class}. For
* static members and constructors then {@code obj} must be {@code null}.
*
* <p> This method returns {@code true} if the {@code accessible} flag
* is set to {@code true}, i.e. the checks for Java language access control
* are suppressed, or if the caller can access the member as
* specified in <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>,
* with the variation noted in the class description. </p>
*
* @param obj an instance object of the declaring class of this reflected
* object if it is an instance method or field
*
* @return {@code true} if the caller can access this reflected object.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* <ul>
* <li> if this reflected object is a static member or constructor and
* the given {@code obj} is non-{@code null}, or </li>
* <li> if this reflected object is an instance method or field
* and the given {@code obj} is {@code null} or of type
* that is not a subclass of the {@link Member#getDeclaringClass()
* declaring class} of the member.</li>
* </ul>
*
* @since 9
* @spec JPMS
* @jls 6.6 Access Control
* @see #trySetAccessible
* @see #setAccessible(boolean)
*/
@CallerSensitive
public final boolean canAccess(Object obj) {
if (!Member.class.isInstance(this)) {
return override;
}
Class<?> declaringClass = ((Member) this).getDeclaringClass();
int modifiers = ((Member) this).getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) &&
(this instanceof Method || this instanceof Field)) {
if (obj == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null object for " + this);
}
// if this object is an instance member, the given object
// must be a subclass of the declaring class of this reflected object
if (!declaringClass.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("object is not an instance of "
+ declaringClass.getName());
}
} else if (obj != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("non-null object for " + this);
}
// access check is suppressed
if (override) return true;
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
Class<?> targetClass;
if (this instanceof Constructor) {
targetClass = declaringClass;
} else {
targetClass = Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) ? null : obj.getClass();
}
return verifyAccess(caller, declaringClass, targetClass, modifiers);
}
/**
* Constructor: only used by the Java Virtual Machine.
*/
protected AccessibleObject() {}
// Indicates whether language-level access checks are overridden
// by this object. Initializes to "false". This field is used by
// Field, Method, and Constructor.
//
// NOTE: for security purposes, this field must not be visible
// outside this package.
boolean override;
// Reflection factory used by subclasses for creating field,
// method, and constructor accessors. Note that this is called
// very early in the bootstrapping process.
static final ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory =
AccessController.doPrivileged(
new ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
/**
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.5
*/
public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
throw new AssertionError("All subclasses should override this method");
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.5
*/
@Override
public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
return AnnotatedElement.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
}
/**
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.8
*/
@Override
public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
throw new AssertionError("All subclasses should override this method");
}
/**
* @since 1.5
*/
public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
return getDeclaredAnnotations();
}
/**
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.8
*/
@Override
public <T extends Annotation> T getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
// Only annotations on classes are inherited, for all other
// objects getDeclaredAnnotation is the same as
// getAnnotation.
return getAnnotation(annotationClass);
}
/**
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.8
*/
@Override
public <T extends Annotation> T[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
// Only annotations on classes are inherited, for all other
// objects getDeclaredAnnotationsByType is the same as
// getAnnotationsByType.
return getAnnotationsByType(annotationClass);
}
/**
* @since 1.5
*/
public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() {
throw new AssertionError("All subclasses should override this method");
}
// Shared access checking logic.
// For non-public members or members in package-private classes,
// it is necessary to perform somewhat expensive security checks.
// If the security check succeeds for a given class, it will
// always succeed (it is not affected by the granting or revoking
// of permissions); we speed up the check in the common case by
// remembering the last Class for which the check succeeded.
//
// The simple security check for Constructor is to see if
// the caller has already been seen, verified, and cached.
// (See also Class.newInstance(), which uses a similar method.)
//
// A more complicated security check cache is needed for Method and Field
// The cache can be either null (empty cache), a 2-array of {caller,targetClass},
// or a caller (with targetClass implicitly equal to memberClass).
// In the 2-array case, the targetClass is always different from the memberClass.
volatile Object securityCheckCache;
final void checkAccess(Class<?> caller, Class<?> memberClass,
Class<?> targetClass, int modifiers)
throws IllegalAccessException
{
if (!verifyAccess(caller, memberClass, targetClass, modifiers)) {
IllegalAccessException e = Reflection.newIllegalAccessException(
caller, memberClass, targetClass, modifiers);
if (printStackTraceWhenAccessFails()) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
throw e;
}
}
final boolean verifyAccess(Class<?> caller, Class<?> memberClass,
Class<?> targetClass, int modifiers)
{
if (caller == memberClass) { // quick check
return true; // ACCESS IS OK
}
Object cache = securityCheckCache; // read volatile
if (targetClass != null // instance member or constructor
&& Modifier.isProtected(modifiers)
&& targetClass != memberClass) {
// Must match a 2-list of { caller, targetClass }.
if (cache instanceof Class[]) {
Class<?>[] cache2 = (Class<?>[]) cache;
if (cache2[1] == targetClass &&
cache2[0] == caller) {
return true; // ACCESS IS OK
}
// (Test cache[1] first since range check for [1]
// subsumes range check for [0].)
}
} else if (cache == caller) {
// Non-protected case (or targetClass == memberClass or static member).
return true; // ACCESS IS OK
}
// If no return, fall through to the slow path.
return slowVerifyAccess(caller, memberClass, targetClass, modifiers);
}
// Keep all this slow stuff out of line:
private boolean slowVerifyAccess(Class<?> caller, Class<?> memberClass,
Class<?> targetClass, int modifiers)
{
if (!Reflection.verifyMemberAccess(caller, memberClass, targetClass, modifiers)) {
// access denied
return false;
}
// access okay
logIfExportedForIllegalAccess(caller, memberClass);
// Success: Update the cache.
Object cache = (targetClass != null
&& Modifier.isProtected(modifiers)
&& targetClass != memberClass)
? new Class<?>[] { caller, targetClass }
: caller;
// Note: The two cache elements are not volatile,
// but they are effectively final. The Java memory model
// guarantees that the initializing stores for the cache
// elements will occur before the volatile write.
securityCheckCache = cache; // write volatile
return true;
}
// true to print a stack trace when access fails
private static volatile boolean printStackWhenAccessFails;
// true if printStack* values are initialized
private static volatile boolean printStackPropertiesSet;
/**
* Returns true if a stack trace should be printed when access fails.
*/
private static boolean printStackTraceWhenAccessFails() {
if (!printStackPropertiesSet && VM.initLevel() >= 1) {
String s = GetPropertyAction.privilegedGetProperty(
"sun.reflect.debugModuleAccessChecks");
if (s != null) {
printStackWhenAccessFails = !s.equalsIgnoreCase("false");
}
printStackPropertiesSet = true;
}
return printStackWhenAccessFails;
}
/**
* Returns the root AccessibleObject; or null if this object is the root.
*
* All subclasses override this method.
*/
AccessibleObject getRoot() {
throw new InternalError();
}
}
⏎ java/lang/reflect/AccessibleObject.java
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