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⏎ java/util/HexFormat.java
/*
* Copyright (c) 2020, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
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*/
package java.util;
import jdk.internal.access.JavaLangAccess;
import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* {@code HexFormat} converts between bytes and chars and hex-encoded strings which may include
* additional formatting markup such as prefixes, suffixes, and delimiters.
* <p>
* There are two factories of {@code HexFormat} with preset parameters {@link #of()} and
* {@link #ofDelimiter(String) ofDelimiter(delimiter)}. For other parameter combinations
* the {@code withXXX} methods return copies of {@code HexFormat} modified
* {@link #withPrefix(String)}, {@link #withSuffix(String)}, {@link #withDelimiter(String)}
* or choice of {@link #withUpperCase()} or {@link #withLowerCase()} parameters.
* <p>
* For primitive to hexadecimal string conversions the {@code toHexDigits}
* methods include {@link #toHexDigits(byte)}, {@link #toHexDigits(int)}, and
* {@link #toHexDigits(long)}, etc. The default is to use lowercase characters {@code "0-9","a-f"}.
* For conversions producing uppercase hexadecimal the characters are {@code "0-9","A-F"}.
* Only the {@link HexFormat#isUpperCase() HexFormat.isUpperCase()} parameter is
* considered; the delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* <p>
* For hexadecimal string to primitive conversions the {@code fromHexDigits}
* methods include {@link #fromHexDigits(CharSequence) fromHexDigits(string)},
* {@link #fromHexDigitsToLong(CharSequence) fromHexDigitsToLong(string)}, and
* {@link #fromHexDigit(int) fromHexDigit(int)} converts a single character or codepoint.
* For conversions from hexadecimal characters the digits and uppercase and lowercase
* characters in {@code "0-9", "a-f", and "A-F"} are converted to corresponding values
* {@code 0-15}. The delimiter, prefix, suffix, and uppercase parameters are not used.
*
* <p>
* For byte array to formatted hexadecimal string conversions
* the {@code formatHex} methods include {@link #formatHex(byte[]) formatHex(byte[])}
* and {@link #formatHex(Appendable, byte[]) formatHex(Appendable, byte[])}.
* The formatted output is a string or is appended to an {@link Appendable} such as
* {@link StringBuilder} or {@link java.io.PrintStream}.
* Each byte value is formatted as the prefix, two hexadecimal characters from the
* uppercase or lowercase digits, and the suffix.
* A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
* For conversions producing uppercase hexadecimal strings use {@link #withUpperCase()}.
*
* <p>
* For formatted hexadecimal string to byte array conversions the
* {@code parseHex} methods include {@link #parseHex(CharSequence) parseHex(CharSequence)} and
* {@link #parseHex(char[], int, int) parseHex(char[], offset, length)}.
* Each byte value is parsed from the prefix, two case insensitive hexadecimal characters,
* and the suffix. A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
*
* @apiNote
* For example, an individual byte is converted to a string of hexadecimal digits using
* {@link HexFormat#toHexDigits(int) toHexDigits(int)} and converted from a string to a
* primitive value using {@link HexFormat#fromHexDigits(CharSequence) fromHexDigits(string)}.
* <pre>{@code
* HexFormat hex = HexFormat.of();
* byte b = 127;
* String byteStr = hex.toHexDigits(b);
*
* byte byteVal = (byte)hex.fromHexDigits(byteStr);
* assert(byteStr.equals("7f"));
* assert(b == byteVal);
*
* // The hexadecimal digits are: "7f"
* }</pre>
* <p>
* For a comma ({@code ", "}) separated format with a prefix ({@code "#"})
* using lowercase hex digits the {@code HexFormat} is:
* <pre>{@code
* HexFormat commaFormat = HexFormat.ofDelimiter(", ").withPrefix("#");
* byte[] bytes = {0, 1, 2, 3, 124, 125, 126, 127};
* String str = commaFormat.formatHex(bytes);
*
* byte[] parsed = commaFormat.parseHex(str);
* assert(Arrays.equals(bytes, parsed));
*
* // The formatted string is: "#00, #01, #02, #03, #7c, #7d, #7e, #7f"
* }</pre>
* <p>
* For a fingerprint of byte values that uses the delimiter colon ({@code ":"})
* and uppercase characters the {@code HexFormat} is:
* <pre>{@code
* HexFormat formatFingerprint = HexFormat.ofDelimiter(":").withUpperCase();
* byte[] bytes = {0, 1, 2, 3, 124, 125, 126, 127};
* String str = formatFingerprint.formatHex(bytes);
* byte[] parsed = formatFingerprint.parseHex(str);
* assert(Arrays.equals(bytes, parsed));
*
* // The formatted string is: "00:01:02:03:7C:7D:7E:7F"
* }</pre>
*
* <p>
* This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>
* class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality
* ({@code ==}), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of
* {@code HexFormat} may have unpredictable results and should be avoided.
* The {@code equals} method should be used for comparisons.
* <p>
* This class is immutable and thread-safe.
* <p>
* Unless otherwise noted, passing a null argument to any method will cause a
* {@link java.lang.NullPointerException NullPointerException} to be thrown.
*
* @since 17
*/
public final class HexFormat {
// Access to create strings from a byte array.
private static final JavaLangAccess jla = SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess();
private static final byte[] UPPERCASE_DIGITS = {
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F',
};
private static final byte[] LOWERCASE_DIGITS = {
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
};
// Analysis has shown that generating the whole array allows the JIT to generate
// better code compared to a slimmed down array, such as one cutting off after 'f'
private static final byte[] DIGITS = {
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
};
/**
* Format each byte of an array as a pair of hexadecimal digits.
* The hexadecimal characters are from lowercase alpha digits.
*/
private static final HexFormat HEX_FORMAT =
new HexFormat("", "", "", LOWERCASE_DIGITS);
private static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTES = {};
private final String delimiter;
private final String prefix;
private final String suffix;
private final byte[] digits;
/**
* Returns a HexFormat with a delimiter, prefix, suffix, and array of digits.
*
* @param delimiter a delimiter, non-null
* @param prefix a prefix, non-null
* @param suffix a suffix, non-null
* @param digits byte array of digits indexed by low nibble, non-null
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null
*/
private HexFormat(String delimiter, String prefix, String suffix, byte[] digits) {
this.delimiter = Objects.requireNonNull(delimiter, "delimiter");
this.prefix = Objects.requireNonNull(prefix, "prefix");
this.suffix = Objects.requireNonNull(suffix, "suffix");
this.digits = digits;
}
/**
* Returns a hexadecimal formatter with no delimiter and lowercase characters.
* The delimiter, prefix, and suffix are empty.
* The methods {@link #withDelimiter(String) withDelimiter},
* {@link #withUpperCase() withUpperCase}, {@link #withLowerCase() withLowerCase},
* {@link #withPrefix(String) withPrefix}, and {@link #withSuffix(String) withSuffix}
* return copies of formatters with new parameters.
*
* @return a hexadecimal formatter with no delimiter and lowercase characters
*/
public static HexFormat of() {
return HEX_FORMAT;
}
/**
* Returns a hexadecimal formatter with the delimiter and lowercase characters.
* The prefix and suffix are empty.
* The methods {@link #withDelimiter(String) withDelimiter},
* {@link #withUpperCase() withUpperCase}, {@link #withLowerCase() withLowerCase},
* {@link #withPrefix(String) withPrefix}, and {@link #withSuffix(String) withSuffix}
* return copies of formatters with new parameters.
*
* @param delimiter a delimiter, non-null, may be empty
* @return a {@link HexFormat} with the delimiter and lowercase characters
*/
public static HexFormat ofDelimiter(String delimiter) {
return new HexFormat(delimiter, "", "", LOWERCASE_DIGITS);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with the delimiter.
* @param delimiter the delimiter, non-null, may be empty
* @return a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with the delimiter
*/
public HexFormat withDelimiter(String delimiter) {
return new HexFormat(delimiter, this.prefix, this.suffix, this.digits);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with the prefix.
*
* @param prefix a prefix, non-null, may be empty
* @return a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with the prefix
*/
public HexFormat withPrefix(String prefix) {
return new HexFormat(this.delimiter, prefix, this.suffix, this.digits);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with the suffix.
*
* @param suffix a suffix, non-null, may be empty
* @return a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with the suffix
*/
public HexFormat withSuffix(String suffix) {
return new HexFormat(this.delimiter, this.prefix, suffix, this.digits);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this {@code HexFormat} to use uppercase hexadecimal characters.
* The uppercase hexadecimal characters are {@code "0-9", "A-F"}.
*
* @return a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with uppercase hexadecimal characters
*/
public HexFormat withUpperCase() {
return new HexFormat(this.delimiter, this.prefix, this.suffix, UPPERCASE_DIGITS);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this {@code HexFormat} to use lowercase hexadecimal characters.
* The lowercase hexadecimal characters are {@code "0-9", "a-f"}.
*
* @return a copy of this {@code HexFormat} with lowercase hexadecimal characters
*/
public HexFormat withLowerCase() {
return new HexFormat(this.delimiter, this.prefix, this.suffix, LOWERCASE_DIGITS);
}
/**
* Returns the delimiter between hexadecimal values in formatted hexadecimal strings.
*
* @return the delimiter, non-null, may be empty {@code ""}
*/
public String delimiter() {
return delimiter;
}
/**
* Returns the prefix used for each hexadecimal value in formatted hexadecimal strings.
*
* @return the prefix, non-null, may be empty {@code ""}
*/
public String prefix() {
return prefix;
}
/**
* Returns the suffix used for each hexadecimal value in formatted hexadecimal strings.
*
* @return the suffix, non-null, may be empty {@code ""}
*/
public String suffix() {
return suffix;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the hexadecimal digits are uppercase,
* otherwise {@code false}.
*
* @return {@code true} if the hexadecimal digits are uppercase,
* otherwise {@code false}
*/
public boolean isUpperCase() {
return Arrays.equals(digits, UPPERCASE_DIGITS);
}
/**
* Returns a hexadecimal string formatted from a byte array.
* Each byte value is formatted as the prefix, two hexadecimal characters
* {@linkplain #isUpperCase selected from} uppercase or lowercase digits, and the suffix.
* A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
*
* The behavior is equivalent to
* {@link #formatHex(byte[], int, int) formatHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length))}.
*
* @param bytes a non-null array of bytes
* @return a string hexadecimal formatting of the byte array
*/
public String formatHex(byte[] bytes) {
return formatHex(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
/**
* Returns a hexadecimal string formatted from a byte array range.
* Each byte value is formatted as the prefix, two hexadecimal characters
* {@linkplain #isUpperCase selected from} uppercase or lowercase digits, and the suffix.
* A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
*
* @param bytes a non-null array of bytes
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive
* @return a string hexadecimal formatting each byte of the array range
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the array range is out of bounds
*/
public String formatHex(byte[] bytes, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
Objects.requireNonNull(bytes,"bytes");
Objects.checkFromToIndex(fromIndex, toIndex, bytes.length);
if (toIndex - fromIndex == 0) {
return "";
}
// Format efficiently if possible
String s = formatOptDelimiter(bytes, fromIndex, toIndex);
if (s == null) {
long stride = prefix.length() + 2L + suffix.length() + delimiter.length();
int capacity = checkMaxArraySize((toIndex - fromIndex) * stride - delimiter.length());
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(capacity);
formatHex(sb, bytes, fromIndex, toIndex);
s = sb.toString();
}
return s;
}
/**
* Appends formatted hexadecimal strings from a byte array to the {@link Appendable}.
* Each byte value is formatted as the prefix, two hexadecimal characters
* {@linkplain #isUpperCase selected from} uppercase or lowercase digits, and the suffix.
* A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
* The formatted hexadecimal strings are appended in zero or more calls to the {@link Appendable} methods.
*
* @param <A> The type of {@code Appendable}
* @param out an {@code Appendable}, non-null
* @param bytes a byte array
* @return the {@code Appendable}
* @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O exception occurs appending to the output
*/
public <A extends Appendable> A formatHex(A out, byte[] bytes) {
return formatHex(out, bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
/**
* Appends formatted hexadecimal strings from a byte array range to the {@link Appendable}.
* Each byte value is formatted as the prefix, two hexadecimal characters
* {@linkplain #isUpperCase selected from} uppercase or lowercase digits, and the suffix.
* A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
* The formatted hexadecimal strings are appended in zero or more calls to the {@link Appendable} methods.
*
* @param <A> The type of {@code Appendable}
* @param out an {@code Appendable}, non-null
* @param bytes a byte array, non-null
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @return the {@code Appendable}
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the array range is out of bounds
* @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O exception occurs appending to the output
*/
public <A extends Appendable> A formatHex(A out, byte[] bytes, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
Objects.requireNonNull(out, "out");
Objects.requireNonNull(bytes, "bytes");
Objects.checkFromToIndex(fromIndex, toIndex, bytes.length);
int length = toIndex - fromIndex;
if (length > 0) {
try {
String between = suffix + delimiter + prefix;
out.append(prefix);
toHexDigits(out, bytes[fromIndex]);
if (between.isEmpty()) {
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
toHexDigits(out, bytes[fromIndex + i]);
}
} else {
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
out.append(between);
toHexDigits(out, bytes[fromIndex + i]);
}
}
out.append(suffix);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe.getMessage(), ioe);
}
}
return out;
}
/**
* Returns a string formatting of the range of bytes optimized
* for a single allocation.
* Prefix and suffix must be empty and the delimiter
* must be empty or a single byte character, otherwise null is returned.
*
* @param bytes the bytes, non-null
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @return a String formatted or null for non-single byte delimiter
* or non-empty prefix or suffix
*/
private String formatOptDelimiter(byte[] bytes, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
byte[] rep;
if (!prefix.isEmpty() || !suffix.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
int length = toIndex - fromIndex;
if (delimiter.isEmpty()) {
// Allocate the byte array and fill in the hex pairs for each byte
rep = new byte[checkMaxArraySize(length * 2L)];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
rep[i * 2] = (byte)toHighHexDigit(bytes[fromIndex + i]);
rep[i * 2 + 1] = (byte)toLowHexDigit(bytes[fromIndex + i]);
}
} else if (delimiter.length() == 1 && delimiter.charAt(0) < 256) {
// Allocate the byte array and fill in the characters for the first byte
// Then insert the delimiter and hexadecimal characters for each of the remaining bytes
char sep = delimiter.charAt(0);
rep = new byte[checkMaxArraySize(length * 3L - 1L)];
rep[0] = (byte) toHighHexDigit(bytes[fromIndex]);
rep[1] = (byte) toLowHexDigit(bytes[fromIndex]);
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
rep[i * 3 - 1] = (byte) sep;
rep[i * 3 ] = (byte) toHighHexDigit(bytes[fromIndex + i]);
rep[i * 3 + 1] = (byte) toLowHexDigit(bytes[fromIndex + i]);
}
} else {
// Delimiter formatting not to a single byte
return null;
}
try {
// Return a new string using the bytes without making a copy
return jla.newStringNoRepl(rep, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
} catch (CharacterCodingException cce) {
throw new AssertionError(cce);
}
}
/**
* Checked that the requested size for the result string is
* less than or equal to the max array size.
*
* @param length the requested size of a byte array.
* @return the length
* @throws OutOfMemoryError if the size is larger than Integer.MAX_VALUE
*/
private static int checkMaxArraySize(long length) {
if (length > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
throw new OutOfMemoryError("String size " + length +
" exceeds maximum " + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
return (int)length;
}
/**
* Returns a byte array containing hexadecimal values parsed from the string.
*
* Each byte value is parsed from the prefix, two case insensitive hexadecimal characters,
* and the suffix. A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
* The delimiters, prefixes, and suffixes strings must be present; they may be empty strings.
* A valid string consists only of the above format.
*
* @param string a string containing the byte values with prefix, hexadecimal digits, suffix,
* and delimiters
* @return a byte array with the values parsed from the string
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is not present for each byte value,
* the byte values are not hexadecimal characters, or if the delimiter is not present
* after all but the last byte value
*/
public byte[] parseHex(CharSequence string) {
return parseHex(string, 0, string.length());
}
/**
* Returns a byte array containing hexadecimal values parsed from a range of the string.
*
* Each byte value is parsed from the prefix, two case insensitive hexadecimal characters,
* and the suffix. A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
* The delimiters, prefixes, and suffixes strings must be present; they may be empty strings.
* A valid string consists only of the above format.
*
* @param string a string range containing hexadecimal digits,
* delimiters, prefix, and suffix.
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @return a byte array with the values parsed from the string range
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is not present for each byte value,
* the byte values are not hexadecimal characters, or if the delimiter is not present
* after all but the last byte value
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the string range is out of bounds
*/
public byte[] parseHex(CharSequence string, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
Objects.requireNonNull(string, "string");
Objects.checkFromToIndex(fromIndex, toIndex, string.length());
if (fromIndex != 0 || toIndex != string.length()) {
string = string.subSequence(fromIndex, toIndex);
}
if (string.isEmpty())
return EMPTY_BYTES;
if (delimiter.isEmpty() && prefix.isEmpty() && suffix.isEmpty())
return parseNoDelimiter(string);
// avoid overflow for max length prefix or suffix
long valueChars = prefix.length() + 2L + suffix.length();
long stride = valueChars + delimiter.length();
if ((string.length() - valueChars) % stride != 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("extra or missing delimiters " +
"or values consisting of prefix, two hexadecimal digits, and suffix");
checkLiteral(string, 0, prefix);
checkLiteral(string, string.length() - suffix.length(), suffix);
String between = suffix + delimiter + prefix;
final int len = (int)((string.length() - valueChars) / stride + 1L);
byte[] bytes = new byte[len];
int i, offset;
for (i = 0, offset = prefix.length(); i < len - 1; i++, offset += 2 + between.length()) {
bytes[i] = (byte) fromHexDigits(string, offset);
checkLiteral(string, offset + 2, between);
}
bytes[i] = (byte) fromHexDigits(string, offset);
return bytes;
}
/**
* Returns a byte array containing hexadecimal values parsed from
* a range of the character array.
*
* Each byte value is parsed from the prefix, two case insensitive hexadecimal characters,
* and the suffix. A delimiter follows each formatted value, except the last.
* The delimiters, prefixes, and suffixes strings must be present; they may be empty strings.
* A valid character array range consists only of the above format.
*
* @param chars a character array range containing an even number of hexadecimal digits,
* delimiters, prefix, and suffix.
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @return a byte array with the values parsed from the character array range
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix or suffix is not present for each byte value,
* the byte values are not hexadecimal characters, or if the delimiter is not present
* after all but the last byte value
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the character array range is out of bounds
*/
public byte[] parseHex(char[] chars, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
Objects.requireNonNull(chars, "chars");
Objects.checkFromToIndex(fromIndex, toIndex, chars.length);
CharBuffer cb = CharBuffer.wrap(chars, fromIndex, toIndex - fromIndex);
return parseHex(cb);
}
/**
* Compare the literal and throw an exception if it does not match.
* Pre-condition: {@code index + literal.length() <= string.length()}.
*
* @param string a CharSequence
* @param index the index of the literal in the CharSequence
* @param literal the expected literal
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the literal is not present
*/
private static void checkLiteral(CharSequence string, int index, String literal) {
assert index <= string.length() - literal.length() : "pre-checked invariant error";
if (literal.isEmpty() ||
(literal.length() == 1 && literal.charAt(0) == string.charAt(index))) {
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < literal.length(); i++) {
if (string.charAt(index + i) != literal.charAt(i)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(escapeNL("found: \"" +
string.subSequence(index, index + literal.length()) +
"\", expected: \"" + literal + "\", index: " + index +
" ch: " + (int)string.charAt(index + i)));
}
}
}
/**
* Expands new line characters to escaped newlines for display.
*
* @param string a string
* @return a string with newline characters escaped
*/
private static String escapeNL(String string) {
return string.replace("\n", "\\n")
.replace("\r", "\\r");
}
/**
* Returns the hexadecimal character for the low 4 bits of the value considering it to be a byte.
* If the parameter {@link #isUpperCase()} is {@code true} the
* character returned for values {@code 10-15} is uppercase {@code "A-F"},
* otherwise the character returned is lowercase {@code "a-f"}.
* The values in the range {@code 0-9} are returned as {@code "0-9"}.
*
* @param value a value, only the low 4 bits {@code 0-3} of the value are used
* @return the hexadecimal character for the low 4 bits {@code 0-3} of the value
*/
public char toLowHexDigit(int value) {
return (char)digits[value & 0xf];
}
/**
* Returns the hexadecimal character for the high 4 bits of the value considering it to be a byte.
* If the parameter {@link #isUpperCase()} is {@code true} the
* character returned for values {@code 10-15} is uppercase {@code "A-F"},
* otherwise the character returned is lowercase {@code "a-f"}.
* The values in the range {@code 0-9} are returned as {@code "0-9"}.
*
* @param value a value, only bits {@code 4-7} of the value are used
* @return the hexadecimal character for the bits {@code 4-7} of the value
*/
public char toHighHexDigit(int value) {
return (char)digits[(value >> 4) & 0xf];
}
/**
* Appends two hexadecimal characters for the byte value to the {@link Appendable}.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The hexadecimal characters are appended in one or more calls to the
* {@link Appendable} methods. The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param <A> The type of {@code Appendable}
* @param out an {@code Appendable}, non-null
* @param value a byte value
* @return the {@code Appendable}
* @throws UncheckedIOException if an I/O exception occurs appending to the output
*/
public <A extends Appendable> A toHexDigits(A out, byte value) {
Objects.requireNonNull(out, "out");
try {
out.append(toHighHexDigit(value));
out.append(toLowHexDigit(value));
return out;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe.getMessage(), ioe);
}
}
/**
* Returns the two hexadecimal characters for the {@code byte} value.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param value a byte value
* @return the two hexadecimal characters for the byte value
*/
public String toHexDigits(byte value) {
byte[] rep = new byte[2];
rep[0] = (byte)toHighHexDigit(value);
rep[1] = (byte)toLowHexDigit(value);
try {
return jla.newStringNoRepl(rep, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
} catch (CharacterCodingException cce) {
throw new AssertionError(cce);
}
}
/**
* Returns the four hexadecimal characters for the {@code char} value.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param value a {@code char} value
* @return the four hexadecimal characters for the {@code char} value
*/
public String toHexDigits(char value) {
return toHexDigits((short)value);
}
/**
* Returns the four hexadecimal characters for the {@code short} value.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param value a {@code short} value
* @return the four hexadecimal characters for the {@code short} value
*/
public String toHexDigits(short value) {
byte[] rep = new byte[4];
rep[0] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >> 8));
rep[1] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >> 8));
rep[2] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)value);
rep[3] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)value);
try {
return jla.newStringNoRepl(rep, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
} catch (CharacterCodingException cce) {
throw new AssertionError(cce);
}
}
/**
* Returns the eight hexadecimal characters for the {@code int} value.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param value an {@code int} value
* @return the eight hexadecimal characters for the {@code int} value
* @see Integer#toHexString
*/
public String toHexDigits(int value) {
byte[] rep = new byte[8];
rep[0] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >> 24));
rep[1] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >> 24));
rep[2] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >> 16));
rep[3] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >> 16));
rep[4] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >> 8));
rep[5] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >> 8));
rep[6] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)value);
rep[7] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)value);
try {
return jla.newStringNoRepl(rep, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
} catch (CharacterCodingException cce) {
throw new AssertionError(cce);
}
}
/**
* Returns the sixteen hexadecimal characters for the {@code long} value.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param value a {@code long} value
* @return the sixteen hexadecimal characters for the {@code long} value
* @see Long#toHexString
*/
public String toHexDigits(long value) {
byte[] rep = new byte[16];
rep[0] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 56));
rep[1] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 56));
rep[2] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 48));
rep[3] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 48));
rep[4] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 40));
rep[5] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 40));
rep[6] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 32));
rep[7] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 32));
rep[8] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 24));
rep[9] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 24));
rep[10] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 16));
rep[11] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 16));
rep[12] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 8));
rep[13] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value >>> 8));
rep[14] = (byte)toHighHexDigit((byte)value);
rep[15] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)value);
try {
return jla.newStringNoRepl(rep, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
} catch (CharacterCodingException cce) {
throw new AssertionError(cce);
}
}
/**
* Returns up to sixteen hexadecimal characters for the {@code long} value.
* Each nibble (4 bits) from most significant to least significant of the value
* is formatted as if by {@link #toLowHexDigit(int) toLowHexDigit(nibble)}.
* The delimiter, prefix and suffix are not used.
*
* @param value a {@code long} value
* @param digits the number of hexadecimal digits to return, 0 to 16
* @return the hexadecimal characters for the {@code long} value
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code digits} is negative or greater than 16
*/
public String toHexDigits(long value, int digits) {
if (digits < 0 || digits > 16)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("number of digits: " + digits);
if (digits == 0)
return "";
byte[] rep = new byte[digits];
for (int i = rep.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
rep[i] = (byte)toLowHexDigit((byte)(value));
value = value >>> 4;
}
try {
return jla.newStringNoRepl(rep, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
} catch (CharacterCodingException cce) {
throw new AssertionError(cce);
}
}
/**
* Returns a byte array containing the parsed hex digits.
* A valid string consists only of an even number of hex digits.
*
* @param string a string containing an even number of only hex digits
* @return a byte array
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string length is not valid or
* the string contains non-hexadecimal characters
*/
private static byte[] parseNoDelimiter(CharSequence string) {
if ((string.length() & 1) != 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("string length not even: " +
string.length());
byte[] bytes = new byte[string.length() / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
bytes[i] = (byte) fromHexDigits(string, i * 2);
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* Check the number of requested digits against a limit.
*
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @param limit the maximum allowed
* @return the length of the range
*/
private static int checkDigitCount(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int limit) {
int length = toIndex - fromIndex;
if (length > limit)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("string length greater than " +
limit + ": " + length);
return length;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the character is a valid hexadecimal character or codepoint.
* The valid hexadecimal characters are:
* <ul>
* <li>{@code '0' ('\u005Cu0030')} through {@code '9' ('\u005Cu0039')} inclusive,
* <li>{@code 'A' ('\u005Cu0041')} through {@code 'F' ('\u005Cu0046')} inclusive, and
* <li>{@code 'a' ('\u005Cu0061')} through {@code 'f' ('\u005Cu0066')} inclusive.
* </ul>
* @param ch a codepoint
* @return {@code true} if the character is valid a hexadecimal character,
* otherwise {@code false}
*/
public static boolean isHexDigit(int ch) {
return ((ch >>> 8) == 0 && DIGITS[ch] >= 0);
}
/**
* Returns the value for the hexadecimal character or codepoint.
* The value is:
* <ul>
* <li>{@code (ch - '0')} for {@code '0'} through {@code '9'} inclusive,
* <li>{@code (ch - 'A' + 10)} for {@code 'A'} through {@code 'F'} inclusive, and
* <li>{@code (ch - 'a' + 10)} for {@code 'a'} through {@code 'f'} inclusive.
* </ul>
*
* @param ch a character or codepoint
* @return the value {@code 0-15}
* @throws NumberFormatException if the codepoint is not a hexadecimal character
*/
public static int fromHexDigit(int ch) {
int value;
if ((ch >>> 8) == 0 && (value = DIGITS[ch]) >= 0) {
return value;
}
throw new NumberFormatException("not a hexadecimal digit: \"" + (char) ch + "\" = " + ch);
}
/**
* Returns a value parsed from two hexadecimal characters in a string.
* The characters in the range from {@code index} to {@code index + 1},
* inclusive, must be valid hex digits according to {@link #fromHexDigit(int)}.
*
* @param string a CharSequence containing the characters
* @param index the index of the first character of the range
* @return the value parsed from the string range
* @throws NumberFormatException if any of the characters in the range
* is not a hexadecimal character
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the range is out of bounds
* for the {@code CharSequence}
*/
private static int fromHexDigits(CharSequence string, int index) {
int high = fromHexDigit(string.charAt(index));
int low = fromHexDigit(string.charAt(index + 1));
return (high << 4) | low;
}
/**
* Returns the {@code int} value parsed from a string of up to eight hexadecimal characters.
* The hexadecimal characters are parsed from most significant to least significant
* using {@link #fromHexDigit(int)} to form an unsigned value.
* The value is zero extended to 32 bits and is returned as an {@code int}.
*
* @apiNote
* {@link Integer#parseInt(String, int) Integer.parseInt(s, 16)} and
* {@link Integer#parseUnsignedInt(String, int) Integer.parseUnsignedInt(s, 16)}
* are similar but allow all Unicode hexadecimal digits defined by
* {@link Character#digit(char, int) Character.digit(ch, 16)}.
* {@code HexFormat} uses only hexadecimal characters
* {@code "0-9"}, {@code "A-F"} and {@code "a-f"}.
* Signed hexadecimal strings can be parsed with {@link Integer#parseInt(String, int)}.
*
* @param string a CharSequence containing up to eight hexadecimal characters
* @return the value parsed from the string
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string length is greater than eight (8) or
* if any of the characters is not a hexadecimal character
*/
public static int fromHexDigits(CharSequence string) {
return fromHexDigits(string, 0, string.length());
}
/**
* Returns the {@code int} value parsed from a string range of up to eight hexadecimal
* characters.
* The characters in the range {@code fromIndex} to {@code toIndex}, exclusive,
* are parsed from most significant to least significant
* using {@link #fromHexDigit(int)} to form an unsigned value.
* The value is zero extended to 32 bits and is returned as an {@code int}.
*
* @apiNote
* {@link Integer#parseInt(String, int) Integer.parseInt(s, 16)} and
* {@link Integer#parseUnsignedInt(String, int) Integer.parseUnsignedInt(s, 16)}
* are similar but allow all Unicode hexadecimal digits defined by
* {@link Character#digit(char, int) Character.digit(ch, 16)}.
* {@code HexFormat} uses only hexadecimal characters
* {@code "0-9"}, {@code "A-F"} and {@code "a-f"}.
* Signed hexadecimal strings can be parsed with {@link Integer#parseInt(String, int)}.
*
* @param string a CharSequence containing the characters
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @return the value parsed from the string range
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the range is out of bounds
* for the {@code CharSequence}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if length of the range is greater than eight (8) or
* if any of the characters is not a hexadecimal character
*/
public static int fromHexDigits(CharSequence string, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
Objects.requireNonNull(string, "string");
Objects.checkFromToIndex(fromIndex, toIndex, string.length());
int length = checkDigitCount(fromIndex, toIndex, 8);
int value = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
value = (value << 4) + fromHexDigit(string.charAt(fromIndex + i));
}
return value;
}
/**
* Returns the long value parsed from a string of up to sixteen hexadecimal characters.
* The hexadecimal characters are parsed from most significant to least significant
* using {@link #fromHexDigit(int)} to form an unsigned value.
* The value is zero extended to 64 bits and is returned as a {@code long}.
*
* @apiNote
* {@link Long#parseLong(String, int) Long.parseLong(s, 16)} and
* {@link Long#parseUnsignedLong(String, int) Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, 16)}
* are similar but allow all Unicode hexadecimal digits defined by
* {@link Character#digit(char, int) Character.digit(ch, 16)}.
* {@code HexFormat} uses only hexadecimal characters
* {@code "0-9"}, {@code "A-F"} and {@code "a-f"}.
* Signed hexadecimal strings can be parsed with {@link Long#parseLong(String, int)}.
*
* @param string a CharSequence containing up to sixteen hexadecimal characters
* @return the value parsed from the string
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string length is greater than sixteen (16) or
* if any of the characters is not a hexadecimal character
*/
public static long fromHexDigitsToLong(CharSequence string) {
return fromHexDigitsToLong(string, 0, string.length());
}
/**
* Returns the long value parsed from a string range of up to sixteen hexadecimal
* characters.
* The characters in the range {@code fromIndex} to {@code toIndex}, exclusive,
* are parsed from most significant to least significant
* using {@link #fromHexDigit(int)} to form an unsigned value.
* The value is zero extended to 64 bits and is returned as a {@code long}.
*
* @apiNote
* {@link Long#parseLong(String, int) Long.parseLong(s, 16)} and
* {@link Long#parseUnsignedLong(String, int) Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, 16)}
* are similar but allow all Unicode hexadecimal digits defined by
* {@link Character#digit(char, int) Character.digit(ch, 16)}.
* {@code HexFormat} uses only hexadecimal characters
* {@code "0-9"}, {@code "A-F"} and {@code "a-f"}.
* Signed hexadecimal strings can be parsed with {@link Long#parseLong(String, int)}.
*
* @param string a CharSequence containing the characters
* @param fromIndex the initial index of the range, inclusive
* @param toIndex the final index of the range, exclusive.
* @return the value parsed from the string range
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the range is out of bounds
* for the {@code CharSequence}
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the length of the range is greater than sixteen (16) or
* if any of the characters is not a hexadecimal character
*/
public static long fromHexDigitsToLong(CharSequence string, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
Objects.requireNonNull(string, "string");
Objects.checkFromToIndex(fromIndex, toIndex, string.length());
int length = checkDigitCount(fromIndex, toIndex, 16);
long value = 0L;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
value = (value << 4) + fromHexDigit(string.charAt(fromIndex + i));
}
return value;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the other object is a {@code HexFormat}
* with the same parameters.
*
* @param o an object, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the other object is a {@code HexFormat} and the parameters
* uppercase, delimiter, prefix, and suffix are equal;
* otherwise {@code false}
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
HexFormat otherHex = (HexFormat) o;
return Arrays.equals(digits, otherHex.digits) &&
delimiter.equals(otherHex.delimiter) &&
prefix.equals(otherHex.prefix) &&
suffix.equals(otherHex.suffix);
}
/**
* Returns a hashcode for this {@code HexFormat}.
*
* @return a hashcode for this {@code HexFormat}
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = Objects.hash(delimiter, prefix, suffix);
result = 31 * result + Boolean.hashCode(Arrays.equals(digits, UPPERCASE_DIGITS));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a description of the formatter parameters for uppercase,
* delimiter, prefix, and suffix.
*
* @return a description of this {@code HexFormat}
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return escapeNL("uppercase: " + Arrays.equals(digits, UPPERCASE_DIGITS) +
", delimiter: \"" + delimiter +
"\", prefix: \"" + prefix +
"\", suffix: \"" + suffix + "\"");
}
}
⏎ java/util/HexFormat.java
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