iText 5 itextpdf.jar Source Code

itextpdf.jar is a component in iText 5 Java library to provide core functionalities. iText Java library allows you to generate and manage PDF documents.

The Source Code files are provided at iText GitHub site.

You can compile it to generate your JAR file, using pom.xml as the build configuration file.

The source code of itextpdf-5.5.14.jar is provided below:

✍: FYIcenter.com

com/itextpdf/xmp/impl/XMPUtilsImpl.java

//Copyright (c) 2006, Adobe Systems Incorporated
//All rights reserved.
//
//        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
//        modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//        1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//        2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//        3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
//        must display the following acknowledgement:
//        This product includes software developed by the Adobe Systems Incorporated.
//        4. Neither the name of the Adobe Systems Incorporated nor the
//        names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
//        derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
//        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED ''AS IS'' AND ANY
//        EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
//        WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
//        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED BE LIABLE FOR ANY
//        DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
//        (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
//        LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
//        ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
//        (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
//        SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
//        http://www.adobe.com/devnet/xmp/library/eula-xmp-library-java.html

package com.itextpdf.xmp.impl;

import java.util.Iterator;

import com.itextpdf.xmp.XMPConst;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.XMPError;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.XMPException;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.XMPMeta;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.XMPMetaFactory;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.XMPUtils;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.impl.xpath.XMPPath;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.impl.xpath.XMPPathParser;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.options.PropertyOptions;
import com.itextpdf.xmp.properties.XMPAliasInfo;



/**
 * @since 11.08.2006
 */
public class XMPUtilsImpl implements XMPConst
{
	/** */
	private static final int UCK_NORMAL = 0;
	/** */
	private static final int UCK_SPACE = 1;
	/** */
	private static final int UCK_COMMA = 2;
	/** */
	private static final int UCK_SEMICOLON = 3;
	/** */
	private static final int UCK_QUOTE = 4;
	/** */
	private static final int UCK_CONTROL = 5;


	/**
	 * Private constructor, as
	 */
	private XMPUtilsImpl()
	{
		// EMPTY
	}


	/**
	 * @see XMPUtils#catenateArrayItems(XMPMeta, String, String, String, String,
	 *      boolean)
	 * 
	 * @param xmp
	 *            The XMP object containing the array to be catenated.
	 * @param schemaNS
	 *            The schema namespace URI for the array. Must not be null or
	 *            the empty string.
	 * @param arrayName
	 *            The name of the array. May be a general path expression, must
	 *            not be null or the empty string. Each item in the array must
	 *            be a simple string value.
	 * @param separator
	 *            The string to be used to separate the items in the catenated
	 *            string. Defaults to "; ", ASCII semicolon and space
	 *            (U+003B, U+0020).
	 * @param quotes
	 *            The characters to be used as quotes around array items that
	 *            contain a separator. Defaults to '"'
	 * @param allowCommas
	 *            Option flag to control the catenation.
	 * @return Returns the string containing the catenated array items.
	 * @throws XMPException
	 *             Forwards the Exceptions from the metadata processing
	 */
	public static String catenateArrayItems(XMPMeta xmp, String schemaNS, String arrayName,
			String separator, String quotes, boolean allowCommas) throws XMPException
	{
		ParameterAsserts.assertSchemaNS(schemaNS);
		ParameterAsserts.assertArrayName(arrayName);
		ParameterAsserts.assertImplementation(xmp);
		if (separator == null  ||  separator.length() == 0)
		{
			separator = "; ";	
		}
		if (quotes == null  ||  quotes.length() == 0)
		{	
			quotes = "\"";
		}
		
		XMPMetaImpl xmpImpl = (XMPMetaImpl) xmp;
		XMPNode arrayNode = null;
		XMPNode currItem = null;

		// Return an empty result if the array does not exist, 
		// hurl if it isn't the right form.
		XMPPath arrayPath = XMPPathParser.expandXPath(schemaNS, arrayName);
		arrayNode = XMPNodeUtils.findNode(xmpImpl.getRoot(), arrayPath, false, null);
		if (arrayNode == null)
		{
			return "";
		}
		else if (!arrayNode.getOptions().isArray() || arrayNode.getOptions().isArrayAlternate())
		{
			throw new XMPException("Named property must be non-alternate array", XMPError.BADPARAM);
		}

		// Make sure the separator is OK.
		checkSeparator(separator);
		// Make sure the open and close quotes are a legitimate pair.
		char openQuote = quotes.charAt(0);
		char closeQuote = checkQuotes(quotes, openQuote);

		// Build the result, quoting the array items, adding separators.
		// Hurl if any item isn't simple.

		StringBuffer catinatedString = new StringBuffer();

		for (Iterator it = arrayNode.iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
		{
			currItem = (XMPNode) it.next();
			if (currItem.getOptions().isCompositeProperty())
			{
				throw new XMPException("Array items must be simple", XMPError.BADPARAM);
			}
			String str = applyQuotes(currItem.getValue(), openQuote, closeQuote, allowCommas);

			catinatedString.append(str);
			if (it.hasNext())
			{
				catinatedString.append(separator);
			}
		}

		return catinatedString.toString();
	}


	/**
	 * see {@link XMPUtils#separateArrayItems(XMPMeta, String, String, String, 
	 * PropertyOptions, boolean)}
	 * 
	 * @param xmp
	 *            The XMP object containing the array to be updated.
	 * @param schemaNS
	 *            The schema namespace URI for the array. Must not be null or
	 *            the empty string.
	 * @param arrayName
	 *            The name of the array. May be a general path expression, must
	 *            not be null or the empty string. Each item in the array must
	 *            be a simple string value.
	 * @param catedStr
	 *            The string to be separated into the array items.
	 * @param arrayOptions
	 *            Option flags to control the separation.
	 * @param preserveCommas
	 *            Flag if commas shall be preserved
	 * 
	 * @throws XMPException
	 *             Forwards the Exceptions from the metadata processing
	 */
	public static void separateArrayItems(XMPMeta xmp, String schemaNS, String arrayName,
			String catedStr, PropertyOptions arrayOptions, boolean preserveCommas)
			throws XMPException
	{
		ParameterAsserts.assertSchemaNS(schemaNS);
		ParameterAsserts.assertArrayName(arrayName);
		if (catedStr == null)
		{
			throw new XMPException("Parameter must not be null", XMPError.BADPARAM);
		}
		ParameterAsserts.assertImplementation(xmp);
		XMPMetaImpl xmpImpl = (XMPMetaImpl) xmp;

		// Keep a zero value, has special meaning below.
		XMPNode arrayNode = separateFindCreateArray(schemaNS, arrayName, arrayOptions, xmpImpl);

		// Extract the item values one at a time, until the whole input string is done.
		String itemValue;
		int itemStart, itemEnd;
		int nextKind = UCK_NORMAL, charKind = UCK_NORMAL;
		char ch = 0, nextChar = 0;
		
		itemEnd = 0;
		int endPos = catedStr.length();
		while (itemEnd < endPos)
		{
			// Skip any leading spaces and separation characters. Always skip commas here.
			// They can be kept when within a value, but not when alone between values.
			for (itemStart = itemEnd; itemStart < endPos; itemStart++)
			{
				ch = catedStr.charAt(itemStart);
				charKind = classifyCharacter(ch);
				if (charKind == UCK_NORMAL || charKind == UCK_QUOTE)
				{
					break;
				}
			}
			if (itemStart >= endPos)
			{
				break;
			}

			if (charKind != UCK_QUOTE)
			{
				// This is not a quoted value. Scan for the end, create an array
				// item from the substring.
				for (itemEnd = itemStart; itemEnd < endPos; itemEnd++)
				{
					ch = catedStr.charAt(itemEnd);
					charKind = classifyCharacter(ch);

					if (charKind == UCK_NORMAL || charKind == UCK_QUOTE  ||
						(charKind == UCK_COMMA && preserveCommas))
					{
						continue;
					}
					else if (charKind != UCK_SPACE)
					{
						break;
					}
					else if ((itemEnd + 1) < endPos)
					{
						ch = catedStr.charAt(itemEnd + 1);
						nextKind = classifyCharacter(ch);
						if (nextKind == UCK_NORMAL  ||  nextKind == UCK_QUOTE  ||
							(nextKind == UCK_COMMA && preserveCommas))
						{
							continue;
						}
					}
					
					// Anything left?
					break; // Have multiple spaces, or a space followed by a
							// separator.
				}
				itemValue = catedStr.substring(itemStart, itemEnd);
			}
			else
			{
				// Accumulate quoted values into a local string, undoubling
				// internal quotes that
				// match the surrounding quotes. Do not undouble "unmatching"
				// quotes.

				char openQuote = ch;
				char closeQuote = getClosingQuote(openQuote);

				itemStart++; // Skip the opening quote;
				itemValue = "";

				for (itemEnd = itemStart; itemEnd < endPos; itemEnd++)
				{
					ch = catedStr.charAt(itemEnd);
					charKind = classifyCharacter(ch);

					if (charKind != UCK_QUOTE || !isSurroundingQuote(ch, openQuote, closeQuote))
					{
						// This is not a matching quote, just append it to the
						// item value.
						itemValue += ch;
					}
					else
					{
						// This is a "matching" quote. Is it doubled, or the
						// final closing quote?
						// Tolerate various edge cases like undoubled opening
						// (non-closing) quotes,
						// or end of input.

						if ((itemEnd + 1) < endPos)
						{
							nextChar = catedStr.charAt(itemEnd + 1);
							nextKind = classifyCharacter(nextChar);
						}
						else
						{
							nextKind = UCK_SEMICOLON;
							nextChar = 0x3B;
						}

						if (ch == nextChar)
						{
							// This is doubled, copy it and skip the double.
							itemValue += ch;
							// Loop will add in charSize.
							itemEnd++;
						}
						else if (!isClosingingQuote(ch, openQuote, closeQuote))
						{
							// This is an undoubled, non-closing quote, copy it.
							itemValue += ch;
						}
						else
						{
							// This is an undoubled closing quote, skip it and
							// exit the loop.
							itemEnd++;
							break;
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// Add the separated item to the array. 
			// Keep a matching old value in case it had separators.
			int foundIndex = -1;
			for (int oldChild = 1; oldChild <= arrayNode.getChildrenLength(); oldChild++)
			{
				if (itemValue.equals(arrayNode.getChild(oldChild).getValue()))
				{
					foundIndex = oldChild;
					break;
				}
			}

			XMPNode newItem = null;
			if (foundIndex < 0)
			{
				newItem = new XMPNode(ARRAY_ITEM_NAME, itemValue, null);
				arrayNode.addChild(newItem);
			}			
		}
	}

	
	/**
	 * Utility to find or create the array used by <code>separateArrayItems()</code>.
	 * @param schemaNS a the namespace fo the array
	 * @param arrayName the name of the array 
	 * @param arrayOptions the options for the array if newly created
	 * @param xmp the xmp object
	 * @return Returns the array node.
	 * @throws XMPException Forwards exceptions
	 */
	private static XMPNode separateFindCreateArray(String schemaNS, String arrayName,
			PropertyOptions arrayOptions, XMPMetaImpl xmp) throws XMPException
	{
		arrayOptions = XMPNodeUtils.verifySetOptions(arrayOptions, null);
		if (!arrayOptions.isOnlyArrayOptions())
		{
			throw new XMPException("Options can only provide array form", XMPError.BADOPTIONS);
		}

		// Find the array node, make sure it is OK. Move the current children
		// aside, to be readded later if kept.
		XMPPath arrayPath = XMPPathParser.expandXPath(schemaNS, arrayName);
		XMPNode arrayNode = XMPNodeUtils.findNode(xmp.getRoot(), arrayPath, false, null);
		if (arrayNode != null)
		{
			// The array exists, make sure the form is compatible. Zero
			// arrayForm means take what exists.
			PropertyOptions arrayForm = arrayNode.getOptions();
			if (!arrayForm.isArray() || arrayForm.isArrayAlternate())
			{
				throw new XMPException("Named property must be non-alternate array", 
					XMPError.BADXPATH);
			}
			if (arrayOptions.equalArrayTypes(arrayForm))
			{
				throw new XMPException("Mismatch of specified and existing array form",
						XMPError.BADXPATH); // *** Right error?
			}
		}
		else
		{
			// The array does not exist, try to create it.
			// don't modify the options handed into the method
			arrayNode = XMPNodeUtils.findNode(xmp.getRoot(), arrayPath, true, arrayOptions
					.setArray(true));
			if (arrayNode == null)
			{
				throw new XMPException("Failed to create named array", XMPError.BADXPATH);
			}
		}
		return arrayNode;
	}


	/**
	 * @see XMPUtils#removeProperties(XMPMeta, String, String, boolean, boolean)
	 * 
	 * @param xmp
	 *            The XMP object containing the properties to be removed.
	 * 
	 * @param schemaNS
	 *            Optional schema namespace URI for the properties to be
	 *            removed.
	 * 
	 * @param propName
	 *            Optional path expression for the property to be removed.
	 * 
	 * @param doAllProperties
	 *            Option flag to control the deletion: do internal properties in
	 *            addition to external properties.
	 * @param includeAliases
	 *            Option flag to control the deletion: Include aliases in the
	 *            "named schema" case above.
	 * @throws XMPException If metadata processing fails
	 */
	public static void removeProperties(XMPMeta xmp, String schemaNS, String propName,
			boolean doAllProperties, boolean includeAliases) throws XMPException
	{
		ParameterAsserts.assertImplementation(xmp);
		XMPMetaImpl xmpImpl = (XMPMetaImpl) xmp;

		if (propName != null && propName.length() > 0)
		{
			// Remove just the one indicated property. This might be an alias,
			// the named schema might not actually exist. So don't lookup the
			// schema node.

			if (schemaNS == null || schemaNS.length() == 0)
			{
				throw new XMPException("Property name requires schema namespace", 
					XMPError.BADPARAM);
			}

			XMPPath expPath = XMPPathParser.expandXPath(schemaNS, propName);

			XMPNode propNode = XMPNodeUtils.findNode(xmpImpl.getRoot(), expPath, false, null);
			if (propNode != null)
			{
				if (doAllProperties
						|| !Utils.isInternalProperty(expPath.getSegment(XMPPath.STEP_SCHEMA)
								.getName(), expPath.getSegment(XMPPath.STEP_ROOT_PROP).getName()))
				{
					XMPNode parent = propNode.getParent();
					parent.removeChild(propNode);
					if (parent.getOptions().isSchemaNode()  &&  !parent.hasChildren())
					{
						// remove empty schema node
						parent.getParent().removeChild(parent);
					}
						
				}
			}
		}
		else if (schemaNS != null && schemaNS.length() > 0)
		{

			// Remove all properties from the named schema. Optionally include
			// aliases, in which case
			// there might not be an actual schema node.

			// XMP_NodePtrPos schemaPos;
			XMPNode schemaNode = XMPNodeUtils.findSchemaNode(xmpImpl.getRoot(), schemaNS, false);
			if (schemaNode != null)
			{
				if (removeSchemaChildren(schemaNode, doAllProperties))
				{
					xmpImpl.getRoot().removeChild(schemaNode);
				}
			}

			if (includeAliases)
			{
				// We're removing the aliases also. Look them up by their
				// namespace prefix.
				// But that takes more code and the extra speed isn't worth it.
				// Lookup the XMP node
				// from the alias, to make sure the actual exists.

				XMPAliasInfo[] aliases = XMPMetaFactory.getSchemaRegistry().findAliases(schemaNS);
				for (int i = 0; i < aliases.length; i++)
				{
					XMPAliasInfo info = aliases[i];
					XMPPath path = XMPPathParser.expandXPath(info.getNamespace(), info
							.getPropName());
					XMPNode actualProp = XMPNodeUtils
							.findNode(xmpImpl.getRoot(), path, false, null);
					if (actualProp != null)
					{
						XMPNode parent = actualProp.getParent();
						parent.removeChild(actualProp);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{
			// Remove all appropriate properties from all schema. In this case
			// we don't have to be
			// concerned with aliases, they are handled implicitly from the
			// actual properties.
			for (Iterator it = xmpImpl.getRoot().iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
			{
				XMPNode schema = (XMPNode) it.next();
				if (removeSchemaChildren(schema, doAllProperties))
				{
					it.remove();
				}
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * @see XMPUtils#appendProperties(XMPMeta, XMPMeta, boolean, boolean)
	 * @param source The source XMP object.
	 * @param destination The destination XMP object.
	 * @param doAllProperties Do internal properties in addition to external properties.
	 * @param replaceOldValues Replace the values of existing properties.
	 * @param deleteEmptyValues Delete destination values if source property is empty. 
	 * @throws XMPException Forwards the Exceptions from the metadata processing
	 */
	public static void appendProperties(XMPMeta source, XMPMeta destination,
			boolean doAllProperties, boolean replaceOldValues, boolean deleteEmptyValues) 
		throws XMPException
	{
		ParameterAsserts.assertImplementation(source);
		ParameterAsserts.assertImplementation(destination);

		XMPMetaImpl src = (XMPMetaImpl) source;
		XMPMetaImpl dest = (XMPMetaImpl) destination;

		for (Iterator it = src.getRoot().iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
		{
			XMPNode sourceSchema = (XMPNode) it.next();
			
			// Make sure we have a destination schema node
			XMPNode destSchema = XMPNodeUtils.findSchemaNode(dest.getRoot(),
					sourceSchema.getName(), false);
			boolean createdSchema = false;
			if (destSchema == null)
			{
				destSchema = new XMPNode(sourceSchema.getName(), sourceSchema.getValue(),
						new PropertyOptions().setSchemaNode(true));
				dest.getRoot().addChild(destSchema);
				createdSchema = true;
			}

			// Process the source schema's children.			
			for (Iterator ic = sourceSchema.iterateChildren(); ic.hasNext();)
			{
				XMPNode sourceProp = (XMPNode) ic.next();
				if (doAllProperties
						|| !Utils.isInternalProperty(sourceSchema.getName(), sourceProp.getName()))
				{
					appendSubtree(
						dest, sourceProp, destSchema, replaceOldValues, deleteEmptyValues);
				}
			}

			if (!destSchema.hasChildren()  &&  (createdSchema  ||  deleteEmptyValues))
			{
				// Don't create an empty schema / remove empty schema.
				dest.getRoot().removeChild(destSchema);
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Remove all schema children according to the flag
	 * <code>doAllProperties</code>. Empty schemas are automatically remove
	 * by <code>XMPNode</code>
	 * 
	 * @param schemaNode
	 *            a schema node
	 * @param doAllProperties
	 *            flag if all properties or only externals shall be removed.
	 * @return Returns true if the schema is empty after the operation.
	 */
	private static boolean removeSchemaChildren(XMPNode schemaNode, boolean doAllProperties)
	{
		for (Iterator it = schemaNode.iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
		{
			XMPNode currProp = (XMPNode) it.next();
			if (doAllProperties
					|| !Utils.isInternalProperty(schemaNode.getName(), currProp.getName()))
			{
				it.remove();
			}
		}
		
		return !schemaNode.hasChildren();
	}


	/**
	 * @see XMPUtilsImpl#appendProperties(XMPMeta, XMPMeta, boolean, boolean, boolean)
	 * @param destXMP The destination XMP object.
	 * @param sourceNode the source node
	 * @param destParent the parent of the destination node
	 * @param replaceOldValues Replace the values of existing properties.
	 * @param deleteEmptyValues flag if properties with empty values should be deleted 
	 * 		   in the destination object.
	 * @throws XMPException
	 */
	private static void appendSubtree(XMPMetaImpl destXMP, XMPNode sourceNode, XMPNode destParent,
			boolean replaceOldValues, boolean deleteEmptyValues) throws XMPException
	{
		XMPNode destNode = XMPNodeUtils.findChildNode(destParent, sourceNode.getName(), false);

		boolean valueIsEmpty = false;
		if (deleteEmptyValues)
		{
			valueIsEmpty = sourceNode.getOptions().isSimple() ?
				sourceNode.getValue() == null  ||  sourceNode.getValue().length() == 0 :
				!sourceNode.hasChildren();
		}
		
		if (deleteEmptyValues  &&  valueIsEmpty)
		{
			if (destNode != null)
			{
				destParent.removeChild(destNode);
			}
		} 
		else if (destNode == null)
		{
			// The one easy case, the destination does not exist.
			destParent.addChild((XMPNode) sourceNode.clone());
		}
		else if (replaceOldValues)
		{
			// The destination exists and should be replaced.
			destXMP.setNode(destNode, sourceNode.getValue(), sourceNode.getOptions(), true);
			destParent.removeChild(destNode);
			destNode = (XMPNode) sourceNode.clone();
			destParent.addChild(destNode);
		}
		else
		{
			// The destination exists and is not totally replaced. Structs and
			// arrays are merged.

			PropertyOptions sourceForm = sourceNode.getOptions();
			PropertyOptions destForm = destNode.getOptions();
			if (sourceForm != destForm)
			{
				return;
			}
			if (sourceForm.isStruct())
			{
				// To merge a struct process the fields recursively. E.g. add simple missing fields.
				// The recursive call to AppendSubtree will handle deletion for fields with empty 
				// values.
				for (Iterator it = sourceNode.iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
				{
					XMPNode sourceField = (XMPNode) it.next();
					appendSubtree(destXMP, sourceField, destNode, 
						replaceOldValues, deleteEmptyValues);
					if (deleteEmptyValues  &&  !destNode.hasChildren())
					{
						destParent.removeChild(destNode);
					}
				}
			}
			else if (sourceForm.isArrayAltText())
			{
				// Merge AltText arrays by the "xml:lang" qualifiers. Make sure x-default is first. 
				// Make a special check for deletion of empty values. Meaningful in AltText arrays 
				// because the "xml:lang" qualifier provides unambiguous source/dest correspondence.
				for (Iterator it = sourceNode.iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
				{
					XMPNode sourceItem = (XMPNode) it.next();
					if (!sourceItem.hasQualifier()
							|| !XMPConst.XML_LANG.equals(sourceItem.getQualifier(1).getName()))
					{
						continue;
					}
					
					int destIndex = XMPNodeUtils.lookupLanguageItem(destNode, 
							sourceItem.getQualifier(1).getValue());
					if (deleteEmptyValues  &&  
							(sourceItem.getValue() == null  ||
							 sourceItem.getValue().length() == 0))
					{
						if (destIndex != -1)
						{
							destNode.removeChild(destIndex);
							if (!destNode.hasChildren())
							{
								destParent.removeChild(destNode);
							}
						}	
					}
					else if (destIndex == -1)
					{
						// Not replacing, keep the existing item.						
						if (!XMPConst.X_DEFAULT.equals(sourceItem.getQualifier(1).getValue())
								|| !destNode.hasChildren())
						{
							sourceItem.cloneSubtree(destNode);
						}
						else
						{
							XMPNode destItem = new XMPNode(
								sourceItem.getName(), 
								sourceItem.getValue(), 
								sourceItem.getOptions());
							sourceItem.cloneSubtree(destItem);
							destNode.addChild(1, destItem);
						}	
					}
				}				
			}
			else if (sourceForm.isArray())
			{
				// Merge other arrays by item values. Don't worry about order or duplicates. Source 
				// items with empty values do not cause deletion, that conflicts horribly with 
				// merging.

				for (Iterator is = sourceNode.iterateChildren(); is.hasNext();)
				{
					XMPNode sourceItem = (XMPNode) is.next();

					boolean match = false;
					for (Iterator id = destNode.iterateChildren(); id.hasNext();)
					{
						XMPNode destItem = (XMPNode) id.next();
						if (itemValuesMatch(sourceItem, destItem))
						{
							match = true;
						}
					}
					if (!match)
					{
						destNode = (XMPNode) sourceItem.clone();
						destParent.addChild(destNode);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Compares two nodes including its children and qualifier.
	 * @param leftNode an <code>XMPNode</code>
	 * @param rightNode an <code>XMPNode</code>
	 * @return Returns true if the nodes are equal, false otherwise.
	 * @throws XMPException Forwards exceptions to the calling method.
	 */
	private static boolean itemValuesMatch(XMPNode leftNode, XMPNode rightNode) throws XMPException
	{
		PropertyOptions leftForm = leftNode.getOptions();
		PropertyOptions rightForm = rightNode.getOptions();

		if (leftForm.equals(rightForm))
		{
			return false;
		}

		if (leftForm.getOptions() == 0)
		{
			// Simple nodes, check the values and xml:lang qualifiers.
			if (!leftNode.getValue().equals(rightNode.getValue()))
			{
				return false;
			}
			if (leftNode.getOptions().getHasLanguage() != rightNode.getOptions().getHasLanguage())
			{
				return false;
			}
			if (leftNode.getOptions().getHasLanguage()
					&& !leftNode.getQualifier(1).getValue().equals(
							rightNode.getQualifier(1).getValue()))
			{
				return false;
			}
		}
		else if (leftForm.isStruct())
		{
			// Struct nodes, see if all fields match, ignoring order.

			if (leftNode.getChildrenLength() != rightNode.getChildrenLength())
			{
				return false;
			}

			for (Iterator it = leftNode.iterateChildren(); it.hasNext();)
			{
				XMPNode leftField = (XMPNode) it.next();
				XMPNode rightField = XMPNodeUtils.findChildNode(rightNode, leftField.getName(),
						false);
				if (rightField == null || !itemValuesMatch(leftField, rightField))
				{
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{
			// Array nodes, see if the "leftNode" values are present in the
			// "rightNode", ignoring order, duplicates,
			// and extra values in the rightNode-> The rightNode is the
			// destination for AppendProperties.

			assert leftForm.isArray();

			for (Iterator il = leftNode.iterateChildren(); il.hasNext();)
			{
				XMPNode leftItem = (XMPNode) il.next();

				boolean match = false;
				for (Iterator ir = rightNode.iterateChildren(); ir.hasNext();)
				{
					XMPNode rightItem = (XMPNode) ir.next();
					if (itemValuesMatch(leftItem, rightItem))
					{
						match = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (!match)
				{
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		return true; // All of the checks passed.
	}


	/**
	 * Make sure the separator is OK. It must be one semicolon surrounded by
	 * zero or more spaces. Any of the recognized semicolons or spaces are
	 * allowed.
	 * 
	 * @param separator
	 * @throws XMPException
	 */
	private static void checkSeparator(String separator) throws XMPException
	{
		boolean haveSemicolon = false;
		for (int i = 0; i < separator.length(); i++)
		{
			int charKind = classifyCharacter(separator.charAt(i));
			if (charKind == UCK_SEMICOLON)
			{
				if (haveSemicolon)
				{
					throw new XMPException("Separator can have only one semicolon", 
						XMPError.BADPARAM);
				}
				haveSemicolon = true;
			}
			else if (charKind != UCK_SPACE)
			{
				throw new XMPException("Separator can have only spaces and one semicolon",
						XMPError.BADPARAM);
			}
		}
		if (!haveSemicolon)
		{
			throw new XMPException("Separator must have one semicolon", XMPError.BADPARAM);
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Make sure the open and close quotes are a legitimate pair and return the
	 * correct closing quote or an exception.
	 * 
	 * @param quotes
	 *            opened and closing quote in a string
	 * @param openQuote
	 *            the open quote
	 * @return Returns a corresponding closing quote.
	 * @throws XMPException
	 */
	private static char checkQuotes(String quotes, char openQuote) throws XMPException
	{
		char closeQuote;

		int charKind = classifyCharacter(openQuote);
		if (charKind != UCK_QUOTE)
		{
			throw new XMPException("Invalid quoting character", XMPError.BADPARAM);
		}

		if (quotes.length() == 1)
		{
			closeQuote = openQuote;
		}
		else
		{
			closeQuote = quotes.charAt(1);
			charKind = classifyCharacter(closeQuote);
			if (charKind != UCK_QUOTE)
			{
				throw new XMPException("Invalid quoting character", XMPError.BADPARAM);
			}
		}

		if (closeQuote != getClosingQuote(openQuote))
		{
			throw new XMPException("Mismatched quote pair", XMPError.BADPARAM);
		}
		return closeQuote;
	}


	/**
	 * Classifies the character into normal chars, spaces, semicola, quotes,
	 * control chars.
	 * 
	 * @param ch
	 *            a char
	 * @return Return the character kind.
	 */
	private static int classifyCharacter(char ch)
	{
		if (SPACES.indexOf(ch) >= 0 || (0x2000 <= ch && ch <= 0x200B))
		{
			return UCK_SPACE;
		}
		else if (COMMAS.indexOf(ch) >= 0)
		{
			return UCK_COMMA;
		}
		else if (SEMICOLA.indexOf(ch) >= 0)
		{
			return UCK_SEMICOLON;
		}
		else if (QUOTES.indexOf(ch) >= 0 || (0x3008 <= ch && ch <= 0x300F)
				|| (0x2018 <= ch && ch <= 0x201F))
		{
			return UCK_QUOTE;
		}
		else if (ch < 0x0020 || CONTROLS.indexOf(ch) >= 0)
		{
			return UCK_CONTROL;
		}
		else
		{
			// Assume typical case.
			return UCK_NORMAL;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * @param openQuote
	 *            the open quote char
	 * @return Returns the matching closing quote for an open quote.
	 */
	private static char getClosingQuote(char openQuote)
	{
		switch (openQuote)
		{
		case 0x0022:
			return 0x0022; // ! U+0022 is both opening and closing.
//		Not interpreted as brackets anymore
//		case 0x005B: 
//			return 0x005D;
		case 0x00AB:
			return 0x00BB; // ! U+00AB and U+00BB are reversible.
		case 0x00BB:
			return 0x00AB;
		case 0x2015:
			return 0x2015; // ! U+2015 is both opening and closing.
		case 0x2018:
			return 0x2019;
		case 0x201A:
			return 0x201B;
		case 0x201C:
			return 0x201D;
		case 0x201E:
			return 0x201F;
		case 0x2039:
			return 0x203A; // ! U+2039 and U+203A are reversible.
		case 0x203A:
			return 0x2039;
		case 0x3008:
			return 0x3009;
		case 0x300A:
			return 0x300B;
		case 0x300C:
			return 0x300D;
		case 0x300E:
			return 0x300F;
		case 0x301D:
			return 0x301F; // ! U+301E also closes U+301D.
		default:
			return 0;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Add quotes to the item.
	 * 
	 * @param item
	 *            the array item
	 * @param openQuote
	 *            the open quote character
	 * @param closeQuote
	 *            the closing quote character
	 * @param allowCommas
	 *            flag if commas are allowed
	 * @return Returns the value in quotes.
	 */
	private static String applyQuotes(String item, char openQuote, char closeQuote,
			boolean allowCommas)
	{
		if (item == null)
		{
			item = "";
		}
		
		boolean prevSpace = false;
		int charOffset;
		int charKind;

		// See if there are any separators in the value. Stop at the first
		// occurrance. This is a bit
		// tricky in order to make typical typing work conveniently. The purpose
		// of applying quotes
		// is to preserve the values when splitting them back apart. That is
		// CatenateContainerItems
		// and SeparateContainerItems must round trip properly. For the most
		// part we only look for
		// separators here. Internal quotes, as in -- Irving "Bud" Jones --
		// won't cause problems in
		// the separation. An initial quote will though, it will make the value
		// look quoted.

		int i;
		for (i = 0; i < item.length(); i++)
		{
			char ch = item.charAt(i);
			charKind = classifyCharacter(ch);
			if (i == 0 && charKind == UCK_QUOTE)
			{
				break;
			}

			if (charKind == UCK_SPACE)
			{
				// Multiple spaces are a separator.
				if (prevSpace)
				{
					break;
				}
				prevSpace = true;
			}
			else
			{
				prevSpace = false;
				if ((charKind == UCK_SEMICOLON || charKind == UCK_CONTROL)
						|| (charKind == UCK_COMMA && !allowCommas))
				{
					break;
				}
			}
		}


		if (i < item.length())
		{
			// Create a quoted copy, doubling any internal quotes that match the
			// outer ones. Internal quotes did not stop the "needs quoting"
			// search, but they do need
			// doubling. So we have to rescan the front of the string for
			// quotes. Handle the special
			// case of U+301D being closed by either U+301E or U+301F.

			StringBuffer newItem = new StringBuffer(item.length() + 2);
			int splitPoint;
			for (splitPoint = 0; splitPoint <= i; splitPoint++)
			{
				if (classifyCharacter(item.charAt(i)) == UCK_QUOTE)
				{
					break;
				}
			}

			// Copy the leading "normal" portion.
			newItem.append(openQuote).append(item.substring(0, splitPoint));

			for (charOffset = splitPoint; charOffset < item.length(); charOffset++)
			{
				newItem.append(item.charAt(charOffset));
				if (classifyCharacter(item.charAt(charOffset)) == UCK_QUOTE
						&& isSurroundingQuote(item.charAt(charOffset), openQuote, closeQuote))
				{
					newItem.append(item.charAt(charOffset));
				}
			}

			newItem.append(closeQuote);

			item = newItem.toString();
		}

		return item;
	}


	/**
	 * @param ch a character
	 * @param openQuote the opening quote char
	 * @param closeQuote the closing quote char 
	 * @return Return it the character is a surrounding quote.
	 */
	private static boolean isSurroundingQuote(char ch, char openQuote, char closeQuote)
	{
		return ch == openQuote || isClosingingQuote(ch, openQuote, closeQuote);
	}


	/**
	 * @param ch a character
	 * @param openQuote the opening quote char
	 * @param closeQuote the closing quote char 
	 * @return Returns true if the character is a closing quote.
	 */
	private static boolean isClosingingQuote(char ch, char openQuote, char closeQuote)
	{
		return ch == closeQuote || (openQuote == 0x301D && ch == 0x301E || ch == 0x301F);
	}
	
	
	
	/**
	 * U+0022 ASCII space<br>
	 * U+3000, ideographic space<br>
	 * U+303F, ideographic half fill space<br>
	 * U+2000..U+200B, en quad through zero width space
	 */
	private static final String SPACES = "\u0020\u3000\u303F";
	/**
	 * U+002C, ASCII comma<br>
	 * U+FF0C, full width comma<br>
	 * U+FF64, half width ideographic comma<br>
	 * U+FE50, small comma<br>
	 * U+FE51, small ideographic comma<br>
	 * U+3001, ideographic comma<br>
	 * U+060C, Arabic comma<br>
	 * U+055D, Armenian comma
	 */
	private static final String COMMAS = "\u002C\uFF0C\uFF64\uFE50\uFE51\u3001\u060C\u055D";
	/**
	 * U+003B, ASCII semicolon<br>
	 * U+FF1B, full width semicolon<br>
	 * U+FE54, small semicolon<br>
	 * U+061B, Arabic semicolon<br>
	 * U+037E, Greek "semicolon" (really a question mark)
	 */
	private static final String SEMICOLA = "\u003B\uFF1B\uFE54\u061B\u037E";
	/**
	 * U+0022 ASCII quote<br>
	 * The square brackets are not interpreted as quotes anymore (bug #2674672)
	 * (ASCII '[' (0x5B) and ']' (0x5D) are used as quotes in Chinese and
	 * Korean.)<br>
	 * U+00AB and U+00BB, guillemet quotes<br>
	 * U+3008..U+300F, various quotes.<br>
	 * U+301D..U+301F, double prime quotes.<br>
	 * U+2015, dash quote.<br>
	 * U+2018..U+201F, various quotes.<br>
	 * U+2039 and U+203A, guillemet quotes.
	 */
	private static final String QUOTES = 
		"\"\u00AB\u00BB\u301D\u301E\u301F\u2015\u2039\u203A";
		// "\"\u005B\u005D\u00AB\u00BB\u301D\u301E\u301F\u2015\u2039\u203A";
	/**
	 * U+0000..U+001F ASCII controls<br>
	 * U+2028, line separator.<br>
	 * U+2029, paragraph separator.
	 */
	private static final String CONTROLS = "\u2028\u2029";	
}

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